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The clearest indicator is dependency on it for emotional functioning

Key findings in an expert independent review (carried out by Professor Ann McNeill (Kings College London) and Professor Peter Hajek (Queen Mary University of London) have found that e cigarettes are approximately 95% safer than smoking tobacco cigarettes, there is no proof they act as a gateway to smoking for children or non-smokers and that half the population do not realize they are safer

It's a similar story in the USA where smoking among high school students has plummeted from 16% in 2011 to 2% in 2022

There is also evidence that smoking increases the risk of developing diabetes